[15][16][17] Walter Mead estimates that approximately 365,000 Vietnamese civilians to have died as a result of the war during the period of American involvement. North Vietnamese troops launched the Tet Offensive in January 1968, which was successful against South Vietnam and the U.S. [98], Unexploded ordnance continue to detonate and kill people today. All rights reserved. U.S. Army Personnel and Dependent Casualties, 1961-1981 85% of the records in this database are related to the Vietnam Conflict. Not until 1995 did Vietnam release its official estimate of war dead: as many as 2 million civilians on both sides and some 1.1 million North Vietnamese and Viet Cong fighters. He recalled the attack and said, "We go in, and the helicopter started . Initially, the toll was just over 57,000, but new casualties came to light. [24] Benjamin Valentino estimates 110,000310,000 deaths as a "possible case" of "counter-guerrilla mass killings" by U.S. and South Vietnamese forces during the war. [36][37][38][39] The My Lai Massacre was initially written off as an operational success and covered up. . The United States has spent over $65 million since 1998 as part of unexploded ordnance clearing operations. The study came up with a most likely Vietnamese death toll of 882,000, which included 655,000 adult males (above 15 years of age), 143,000 adult females, and 84,000 children. [48] In December 1966, the Blue Dragon Brigade reportedly perpetrated the Bnh Ha massacre. Rummel calculated PAVN/VC deaths at 1,062,000 and ARVN and allied war deaths of 741,000, with both totals including civilians inadvertently killed. An addition 3 million Vietnamese were left wounded and around 12 million were refugees. ; 1972 Easter Offensive - This saw 50,000 to 75,000 North Vietnamese combatants . [95][96], The number of US military personnel in Vietnam jumped from 23,300 in 1965 to 465,600 by the end of 1967. Over the following years, additions to the list have brought the total past 58,200. [27] Estimates for the number of North Vietnamese civilian deaths resulting from US bombing range from 30,00065,000. [40][37] Sometimes civilian casualties from airstrikes or artillery barrages against villages were reported as "enemies killed". Civilian deaths are still ongoing because of the use of unexploded ordnances left behind from the war. 11,465 of those killed were younger than 20 years old. In 1995 Vietnam released its official estimate of the number of people killed during the Vietnam War: as many as 2,000,000 civilians on both sides and some 1,100,000 North Vietnamese and Viet Cong fighters. The human costs of the long conflict were harsh for all involved. The human costs of the long conflict were harsh for all involved. The war also spilled over into the neighboring countries of Cambodia and Laos which also endured casualties from aerial and ground fighting. Though the Vietnamese army incurred more casualties, it was a . Many movements on the home front arose in the early 1970s to end the war, which sped the process of withdrawing troops along. These numbers do not include civilian and ARVN military deaths result from the communist mass-internment, the refugee crisis and subsequent exodus of Vietnamese people after the Fall of Saigon. Specialized units such as the SeaBees, Scout Dog and Combat Tracker units, Navy SEAL/UDT, etc., usually are indexed under the next higher command. Many black men who had previously been ineligible could now be drafted, along with many poor and racially intolerant white men from the southern states. Battle of Hamburger Hill. This group was made up almost entirely of either working-class or rural youth. It is estimated that South Vietnam lost between 200,000 and 250,000 fighters. The U.S. military has estimated that between 200,000 and 250,000 South Vietnamese soldiers died. 88,594. In reality, it is a collection of ideas, images, and information that enough people have chosen to preserve and disseminate. In addition, at least 36,000 Southern civilians were executed for various reasons in the period 19671972. Seven massacres officially confirmed by the American side. in Social Studies Education. Encounter Books, December 2022. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. I feel like its a lifeline. Necessarily, more is lost to time than is remembered. AIR FORCE * The Virtual Wall uses the Coffelt Database (CDB) for unit assignment information. Numbers certainly do not tell the whole story - or all of them - but they certainly paint a picture of lives lost and families devastated. McNamara claimed this program would provide valuable training, skills and opportunity to America's poora promise that was never carried out. [21] During the peak war years, another scholar Guenter Lewy attributed almost a third of civilian deaths to the VC. Since body counts were a direct measure of operational success, US "operations reports" often listed civilian deaths as enemy KIA or exaggerated the number. Defense Department officials believed that these body count figures need to be deflated by 30 percent. Officer casualties of all branches were overwhelmingly white. Total. Australian special operations units would go out into the jungles of Vietnam for weeks at a time, often without saying a word to one another in order to maintain complete silence as they stalked the Northern troops through the jungles. To be listed on the Memorial one simply need to have been: 1) A native Hoosier; and, 2) Killed in Action or Missing in Action between 1 January . For details of the total number of Australians who died during the Vietnam War, 1962- 1975, please refer to Deaths as a result of service with Australian units.. Statistics: Total Australian service casualties in the Vietnam War, 1962-72 Battle of Hamburger Hill. An error occurred trying to load this video. Democide is the murder of persons by or at the behest of governments. NAVY * Infantry Unit Commander (ARMY) 06/23/66: A Co: GORDON THOMAS: DALTON: Ground Casualty: 4th Bn: Undefined Code: Hostile, Died: Selective Service: South Vietnam: Invalid . Revolutionary War. 49. Village battles were not uncommon as the two factions fought for control of the region. In the United States, the Vietnam War became known as one of the most unpopular wars that the nation had ever been involved in. He estimated that victims of democide (deliberate killing of civilians) included 214,000 by North Vietnam/VC and 98,000 by South Vietnam and its allies. Estimates of the total number of deaths in the Vietnam War vary widely. but not without Marine and U.S. Air Force casualties. Omissions? Da Nang was the primary storage site of the chemical. Not until 1995 did Vietnam release its official estimate of war dead: as many as 2 million civilians on both sides and some 1.1 million North Vietnamese and Viet Cong fighters. Calculating U.S. Two major war memorials commemorating the dead soldiers in the Second Indochina War (a.k.a. Joseph L. Rhodes, 22, Marines, L. The following is a chart of all casualties, listed by race, and in descending order. (L Company Ranger 75th Infantry Archives) At only 17 years old, B.C.'s . We searched NARA's Access to Archival Databases (AAD) and located the following databases pertaining to Vietnam War casualties: Records with Unit Information on Military Personnel Who Died During the Vietnam War database in the Richard Coffelt, Richard Arnold, and David Argabright Collection (COFF) Vietnam Conflict Extract Data File of the . Vietnam War, (195475), a protracted conflict that pitted the communist government of North Vietnam and its allies in South Vietnam, known as the Viet Cong, against the government of South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States. California (5,572 Estimated Casualties). The Army instigated myriad reforms, addressed issues of discrimination and prejudice from the post exchanges to the lack of black officers, and introduced "Mandatory Watch And Action Committees" into each unit. Please direct all other inquiries to militaryfactory AT gmail.com. After 1975. When he later read the official tally of dead, he found that it listed them as 130 VC killed. My Lai (4) and My Khe (4) (collectively the My Lai Massacre) claimed the largest number of victims with 420 and 90 respectively, and in five other places a total of about 100 civilians were executed. This article displays the highest percentage of casualties among American units, including those wiped out as an effective force. Answer (1 of 3): !st Cavalry Division KIA - 5,444 WIA - 26,592 Total Casualties - 32,036 The First Team was in VN from Aug 1965 until Aug 1972 Per: Willbanks, James H. (2013). Our aim here is to provide a more credibly data-based estimate of Vietnamese war-related deaths from 1965 to 1975 using the analytical tools of modern demography. The wide disparity among the estimates cited below is partially explained by the different time periods of the Vietnam War covered by the studies and whether casualties in Cambodia and Laos were included in the estimates. Some Vietnam War veterans that died between 1966 and 1968 came from Los Angeles, Sacramento, Yuba City, San Diego, Santa Ana and Whittier or Stockton.. California has the highest veteran count of all the U.S. states, totaling 596,130. [64] According to the Vietnamese government, from 1994 to 2012, 172,460 PAVN/VC bodies were found, including 15,989 in Cambodia, and 14,549 in Laos, and around 10,000 bodies were found from 2012 to 2015, reducing the number of MIA from 390,000 (1993) to 207,000 (2016). The costs and casualties of the growing war proved too much for the United States to bear, and U.S. combat units were withdrawn by 1973. Discover the countries that took part in the Vietnam war and how many people died in the Vietnam war. [32] and studies have shown higher rates of casualties, health effects, and next-generation birth defects in Vietnamese peoples. Index of Vietnam War Casualties by Unit of Assignment. Refighting the Vietnam War. That can include disabled by injuries, disabled by psychological trauma, captured, deserted, or missing. Put in their place to rule was Emperor Bao Dai, a French implant who had ties to creating a democracy. Lebanon (1982-1984) 240. 7. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. He estimates that between 30 and 46% of the total war deaths were civilians. Sources: World War II Honor List of Dead and Missing, June 1946; Battle Casualties of the Army, 30 September 1954; List of Casualties Incurred by U.S. Military Personnel in Connection with the Conflict in Vietnam, 30 September 1975. NVA/VC Casualties Reported by III MAF Units: 756 : H: Marine Aircraft . Called the American War in Vietnam (or, in full, the War Against the Americans to Save the Nation), the war was also part of a larger regional conflict (see Indochina wars) and a manifestation of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies. [55] Widespread reports of deliberate mass killings by Korean forces alleged that they were the result of systemic, deliberate policies to massacre civilians, with murders running into the hundreds. Civil War Deaths | How Many People Died in the Civil War? In the United States, the Vietnam War became known as one of the most unpopular wars . On Nov. 23, 1968, The Philadelphia Tribune wrote of large . All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. (At least 100 names on the memorial are those of servicemen who were actually Canadian citizens.) flashcard sets. In the midst of an intense 3-week fight against the North Vietnamese Army in the province of Kontum, South Vietnam, elements of the U.S. Army 173d Airborne Brigade and the 503d Infantry Regiment assaulted a battalion of North Vietnamese soldiers entrenched on a hill outside the village . Post-War Issues: Aftereffects of the Vietnam War on the U.S. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. has the names listed in chronological order by date of loss. Devon has tutored for almost two years. The first American soldier died in the Vietnam War was Richard B. Fitzgibbon, Jr., a U.S. Air Force Technical Sergeant. 38,179 total casualties (KIA and wounded) The 1st Cavalry Division lost the most men, from Aug 1965 to Aug 1972 they had 5,444 KIA, with 26,592 wounded. [6], A 2008 study by the BMJ (formerly British Medical Journal) came up with a higher toll of 3,812,000 dead in Vietnam between 19552002. [4] To arrive at the casualty figure of 215, the Regimental Historian (Lt. Wm. Deaths in the Vietnam War. Chart and statistics of US death/wounded in war as well as amputation ratios in the Afghanistan war compared with other major operations. Killed in Action (KIA); Died while Missing. South Vietnam supplied a total of 942,000 troops. 232,000 military personnel were still missing as of 2017, a total of 1,081,000 dead and missing for the American War. The question of who won the Vietnam War has been a subject of debate, and the answer depends on the definition of victory. Another potential limitation is the relatively small sample size of the study. From 1965 to 1975, nearly 500,000 Marines served in Southeast Asia. "It was the epitome of immoralityOne of the times I counted bodies after an air strikewhich always ended with two napalm bombs which would just fry everything that was leftI counted sixty-two bodies. [52] According to a study conducted in 1968 by a Quaker-funded Vietnamese-speaking American couple, Diane and Michael Jones, there were at least 12 mass killings committed by South Korean forces that approached the scale of the My Lai Massacre, with reports of thousands of routine murders of civilians, primarily the elderly, women and children. The most prominent of these events were the Hu Massacre and the M Lai Massacre. Using the university's mainframe computers to read the reel-to-reel computer tapes, Tom integrated the two databases and converted the information into a commonly used small-computer format. [61], According to the Vietnamese government's national survey and assessment of war casualties (March 2017), there were 849,018 PAVN military personnel dead, including combat death and non-combat death, from the period between 1960 and 1975. Furthermore, the murder of children was not uncommon to prevent them from joining the armed forces in the future, making up around 15% of total deaths. By Spencer C. Tucker ", Viet Cong and Peoples Army of Vietnam use of terror in the Vietnam War, Provisional Revolutionary Government of South Vietnam, United Nations High Commission for Refugees, Vietnamese Casualties During the American War: A New Estimate, "Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme", "20 Years After Victory, Vietnamese Communists Ponder How to Celebrate", http://www.pcr.uu.se/research/ucdp/datasets/ucdp_prio_armed_conflict_dataset/, http://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a032189.pdf, Countering Terrorism and Insurgency in the 21st Century, Final Solutions: Mass Killing and Genocide in the 20th Century. 2.7 million American troops were sent to South Vietnam. Casualties - US vs NVA/VC. These estimates probably include deaths of Vietnamese soldiers in Laos and Cambodia, but do not include deaths of South Vietnamese and allied soldiers which would add nearly 300,000 for a grand total of 3.4 million military and civilian dead. [3], A 1995 demographic study in Population and Development Review calculated 791,0001,141,000 war-related Vietnamese deaths, both soldiers and civilians, for all of Vietnam from 196575. The Vietnam War officially came to an end in 1975 when South Vietnam surrendered to North Vietnam, unable to maintain the fight. [69], There has been considerable controversy about the exact numbers of deaths inflicted on the Communist side by U.S. and allied South Vietnamese forces. The term casualty in warfare can often be confusing. [8], Lewy estimates that 40,000 South Vietnamese civilians were assassinated by the PAVN/VC; 300,000 were killed as a result of combat in South Vietnam, and 65,000 were killed in North Vietnam for a total of 405,000 killed. Copies of WWII though Vietnam era (men born April 28, 1877 to March 28, 1957) Selective Service Records may be obtained from the National Personnel Records Center, in St. Louis, for a fee. Memorial pages honoring Vietnam War casualties, listed by their last names. The exact breakdown still remains unclear, although an estimated 273,000 Cambodians and 62,000 Lao lost their lives. [57], The ARVN suffered 254,256 recorded combat deaths between 1960 and 1974, with the highest number of recorded deaths being in 1972, with 39,587 combat deaths. Nick Turse, in his 2013 book, Kill Anything that Moves, argues that a relentless drive toward higher body counts, a widespread use of free-fire zones, rules of engagement where civilians who ran from soldiers or helicopters could be viewed as VC, and a widespread disdain for Vietnamese civilians led to massive civilian casualties and endemic war crimes inflicted by U.S. One of the first Black officers to lead a Special Forces team in combat will receive the Medal of Honor, the nation's top award for bravery on the battlefield, A South Korean court has ordered the government to pay $24,000 to a Vietnamese woman who survived a gunshot wound but lost several relatives when South Korean marines rampaged through her village during the Vietnam War in 1968, De-escalation, negotiation, and Vietnamization, The United States negotiates a withdrawal, 9 Questions About the Vietnam War Answered, https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War, Vietnam War - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Vietnam War - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Biden to award Medal of Honor to Vietnam-era Army officer, Court says South Korea responsible for Vietnam War massacre. The following year, in 1976, Vietnam was united as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Of those killed, 61% were younger than 21 years old. Among other countries that fought for South Vietnam, South Korea had more than 4,000 dead, Thailand about 350, Australia more than 500, and New Zealand some three dozen. In my report I described them as so many women between fifteen and twenty-five and so many childrenusually in their mothers' arms or very close to themand so many old people." The steady aeromedical evacuation and in-theater care performed by the Air Force Medical Service (AFMS) in Southeast, The official News page of the Air Force Medical Service, providing the latest articles about Air Force Medicine and the Air Force. History 308: Causes and Effects of the Vietnam War, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Participants & Strategies in the Vietnam War, Casualties of the Vietnam War: Causes & Statistics, Primary Source: Brent Scowcroft's 'Escape from South Vietnam' Memorandum, Postwar Relations Between America and Vietnam, Vietnam Veterans Memorial: Description & History, Primary Source: New York Times' Article on Tribute to Vietnam Dead, Vietnam Syndrome: Definition, Causes & Impact, Studying for History 308: Causes & Effects of the Vietnam War, History 106: The Civil War and Reconstruction, ILTS Social Science - History (246): Test Practice and Study Guide, SAT Subject Test World History: Practice and Study Guide, Praxis Elementary Education: Multiple Subjects (5001) Prep, History 307: American Civil Rights Movement, Praxis Fundamental Subjects: Content Knowledge (5511) Prep, Praxis Elementary Education: Social Studies Subtest (5004) Prep, US History - Civil War: Lesson Plans & Resources, 6th Grade World History I: Homeschool Curriculum, The French and Indian War Lesson Plan for Elementary School, Middle Colonies Economic Industry Activities, New England Colonies Economic Industry Activities, Sugar Act Lesson Plan for Elementary School, Sons of Liberty Lesson Plan for Elementary School, Boston Tea Party Activities for 4th Grade, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. The Viet Cong used the jungle terrain to their advantage both as a means of hiding, as well as a place to bury pressure-sensor explosives to wipe out unsuspecting bands of patrolling enemy forces. "Triumph Regained: The Vietnam War, 1965-1968." [28][4] Higher estimates place the number of civilian deaths caused by American bombing of North Vietnam in Operation Rolling Thunder at 182,000. In general we index the memorials at the lowest practical unit level. An additional 232,000 military personnel were still missing as of 2017, a total of 1,081,000 dead and missing for the American War. Shelby L. Stanton, 'The Rise and Fall of an American Army,' Spa Books, 1989, xvi. [62] According to the Vice Minister Nguyn B Hoan, in 2022, nearly 200,000 PAVN/VC were still MIA (whose bodies were have not been found), and 300,000 whose bodies have been found, but buried anonymously and never identified. [18], R. J. Rummel estimated that PAVN/VC forces killed around 164,000 civilians in democide between 1954 and 1975 in South Vietnam, from a range of between 106,000 and 227,000, plus another 50,000 killed in North Vietnam. [1] The U.S. technically did not lose the Vietnam War, as they withdrew in 1973 to allow South Vietnam to fight their own battles. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The "Holloway Database" effectively became the public's sole source of information regarding all our Vietnam dead. 69th Armor Page: Ray's Home Page: E-Mail Me: Note: NVA casualty data was provided by North Vietnam in a press release to Agence France Presse (AFP) on April 3, 1995, on the 20th anniversary of the end of the Vietnam War. [49] The Second Marine Brigade perpetrated the Phong Nh and Phong Nht massacre on 12 February 1968. According to the Vietnamese government, unexploded ordnance has killed some 42,000 people since the end of the war. American Foreign Policy in the First Indochina War. Around 2 million civilians were killed in the territories of North and South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. This was the turning point and the start of South Vietnam's defeat. The number of casualties is simply the number of members of a unit who are not available for duty. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 By the height of the Vietnam War in the late 1960's, the U.S. Air Force had 1,900 medics conducting medical operations in Southeast Asia. Moyar, Mark. It's a sober fact we're meant to be reminded of on Memorial Day, particularly in light of the nearly 7,000 U.S. troops killed, and the many more wounded, over the last decade in our most recent and ongoing conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Ho Chi Minh created the Viet Cong as a resistance force to French democracy. Once a unit assignment has been determined, a link to the individual's memorial page is included in the appropriate Unit Index. Other nations such as Australia, New Zealand, South Korea, and the Philippines provided a limited number of troops to South Vietnamese forces. WIA. KIA. In 1965 alone they comprised 14.1% of total combat deaths, when they only comprised approximately 11% of the total U.S. population in the same year. Political turbulence there and two alleged North Vietnamese attacks on U.S. naval vessels spurred Johnson to demand the passage of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution in 1964. from Johns Hopkins and his MA and Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Of the 2.6 million, between 1 and 1.6 million (40-60%) either fought in. The Fall of Saigon in 1975 | Vietnam War Timeline, Causes & Aftermath, Battle of Ia Drang | Battle of Ia Drang Casualty List, Easter Offensive of 1972: Vietnam War | History, Impact & Aftermath. 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