Memorial Service, The brace position was also improved. He recalled: "I was sent to East Midlands Airport, but before I got there the aircraft crashed in front of me and broke up into three places on the embankment of the motorway. Mr Salter was on emergency duty that night and was the first person on scene in the wake of the accident. Men and women lost their wives and husbands. Hawara: 'What happened was horrific and barbaric', The people who want you to believe the Ukraine war is fake, What we've learned from Alex Murdaugh murder trial. The smoke in the cockpit cleared. He shouldn't have been on that plane. "I'm not sure if it was adrenaline or whether he was joking. The autothrottle attempted to compensate for this by increasing the fuel flow to the engine. [16] In the event of a malfunction, pilots were trained to check all meters and review all decisions, and Captain Hunt proceeded to do so. BBC News. .jpg. Because of his job, he had no choice but to eventually get back on a plane. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. "It was an unpleasant scene. "The dreadful event shook all of our communities.". Instead, the plane - which was partially on fire and had blazing debris falling from it - came down on the M1 embankment with the runway only a few hundred yards away. "I heard no sound," she says. Had Captain Hunt switched off the wrong engine, leaving them at the mercy of a broken one? [12], After the initial blade fracture, Captain Kevin Hunt had disengaged the plane's autopilot. "It makes sense [not to think about what is happening]. He recently celebrated his 40th birthday, and the family still hopes for improvements. Regulationshad been introduced requiring aircraft seatsbe able to withstand -16g accelerations only after British Midland had taken delivery of these aircraft. Although she didn't know it, she had shattered her pelvis, broken all of her ribs, punctured a lung and broken her back. At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. You are completely, completely helpless.". The pilots chose to throttle back to the right engine - partly, according to Hunt, because of the smoke in the cabin. There is a memorial to the 47 victims in the Leicestershire village of Kegworth, near the crash site. Moments after regaining consciousness she managed to free herself from her seat and - like many others - was immediately struck by the absolute silence. Indeed, there is a memorial scroll bearing the air-crash victims' names on the wall of the Cathedral's ambulatory. { board.name }} {{ board.total_asset_count }} View all Boards View all Sets CREATE BOARD. Dawn, the morning after the Kegworth air disaster in which a Boeing 737-400, British Midland Flight 92, crashed onto the M1 near Kegworth in. 2 engine. Horrible really. A Boeing 737, carrying 126 people, crashed on the M1 near Kegworth, in Leicestershire . "There was food on board and drink - you've got that smell as well. No, I can't be because I'm an optimist. The plane and its 118 passengers were redirected to . Chris Thompson is a survivor, pulled unconscious from the mangled remains of British Midland flight 92. It can't be,'" says Chris. Steve Moss was in charge of examining the cockpit instruments. The Irish Post is the biggest selling national newspaper to the Irish in Britain. The No. Speaking over the tannoy, Captain Kevin Hunt tried to reassure them. As the plane plummeted, survivors remember feeling their stomachs "leap" as if they were on a rollercoaster going over the top. Their courage saved. A few people outside at the time, driving home or walking their dogs, had caught sight of the plane as it plunged towards the village. Little has been documented about those who passed away. "I absolutely guarantee," he adds with conviction. After a couple of years, he managed to fly without self-medicating and he no longer goes through his routine of picturing Flight 92's seating plan before checking in. . The Boeing 737 was a state-of-the art passenger jet with an impeccable safety record - what could have gone wrong? At the airport, emergency crews were patiently waiting for Flight 92 to land. What did I know?". Rescuers worked through the night to recover the injured and the dead. Children were left without parents. He was the most seriously-injured survivor and spent three years in hospital. Analysis of the engine from the crash determined that the fan blades (LP stage 1 compressor) of the uprated CFM International CFM56 engine used on the 737-400 were subject to abnormal amounts of vibration when operating at high power settings above 10,000 feet (3,000m). Research following the plane crash on the M1 at Kegworth changed the brace position. He told investigators that, on other planes he'd flown, the vibration dials were generally ignored by pilots. 1engine is feed directly to the flight deck too. They were criticised for shutting down the wrong engine in the official accident report and were . They were, however, within the physiological tolerance of a typical passenger. Because Dominica managed free herself from the plane, her injuries were initially assumed to be minor. Phil, who lives in Garthorpe Drive, said: "They had dug out steps in the motorway embankment right up to the top where the plane was and the bodies were being brought back in . On 8 January 1989 a British Midland Boeing 737 bound for Belfast crashed onto the M1 near the village of Kegworth in Leicestershire, killing 47 people. With horror, they realised the plane had actually crashed. But Dominica McGowan was one of the most resilient. 1 engine. For years, Alan had worked in the oil industry, often flying on ancient, unreliable planes. At 20:24:33, Captain Hunt broadcast to the passengers via the aircraft's public-address system: "Prepare for crash landing," instructing passengers to take the brace position. . So I suppose there was an element of that.". It should have been obvious. [5][6][7], The flight was crewed by 43-year-old Captain Kevin Hunt and 39-year-old First Officer David McClelland. The survivors and families of the victims of the Kegworth air disaster have held a short memorial service on the 10th anniversary of the tragedy. To this day he suffers with balance problems, black-outs and permanent pins-and-needles in his feet. Their truck had been on the motorway when the crash occurred. Despite her severe injuries, she somehow managed to haul herself over unconscious passengers, and crawl through the cabin debris to an emergency exit. It is exactly 30 years since a British Midlands flight from Heathrow to Belfast crashed as it tried to divert to East Midlands Airport. ON January 8, 1989, one of Britain's worst air disasters rocked the nation, killing 47 people. Captain Kevin Hunt and First Officer David McClelland are in charge of the flight, and have both flown on this new aircraft before. Chris refused to travel in certain parts of the cabin. 1 engine power suddenly decreased and a fire warning activated. TOP STORY: When . During the next few minutes, air traffic controllers said Hunt's workload was "very high", and at some point he decided the best course of action was to completely shut down the right engine. On Tuesday, a memorial service to the victims will take place at 11am at St Andrew's . However, the 737-400 had much-improved, more accurate sensors. Few, if any, escaped without some kind of physical or mental trauma. "I like to think that after being in the crash I've benefitted. 2023 BBC. She calmly explained to her companion how they would simply "belly-flop" on to the runway. Chris Thompson looked out of the window and saw they were still nowhere near the ground. Officials from the airline industry were also looking over their shoulders, as were the governments of France and the US, where firms who built the aircraft's components were based. "It's the le It's the right one." Furthermore, on both the B737-300 and -400 air from theNo. Approaching the check-in desk, he wasn't medicated. At 43 seconds after the fan blade failure, the Captain ordered the First Officer to, Shut it down, without specifically identifying which engine. But they ultimately decided their responses had been hasty and ill-considered. He is well known at the Roman Catholic shrine at Lourdes in France, where the family makes an annual pilgrimage to pray for a cure. Like the firefighters, many thought they were on a training exercise until confronted with the twisted remains of the plane. The stick shaker then activated. The AAIB comment: The first impact was at an airspeed of 113 knots CAS, with a rate of descent of between 8.5 feet/sec and 16 feet/sec. 4th June 1967. [32] Graham Pearson, a passing motorist who assisted Kegworth survivors at the crash site for three hours, sued the airline for post-traumatic stress disorder and was awarded 57,000 in damages in 1998 (equivalent to 85,200 in 2019).[20]. Today, sitting in his seafront home in Northern Ireland, he says he's managed to conquer most of those fears. The aircraft broke into three sections. The AAIB report contained 31 safety recommendations. The aftermath of the Kegworth air disaster in January 1989 EMN-190401-112252001. And I remember thinking: 'I need to get out of here'.". Thanks to Curiosity Stream for sponsoring today's video. It suggested the unthinkable - that two experienced pilots, responsible for the lives of 118 passengers, couldn't be certain which of their engines was noisily deteriorating. Wreaths were laid by families, emergency services, councils and others at a memorial site in the Leicestershire village. One man - an AA mechanic - cut makeshift steps into the embankment so a human chain could be formed between the crash site and waiting ambulances. "Not a sound. Propulsion System Malfunction + Inappropriate Crew Response (PSM+ICR). "It was coming in quite normal," he says. "[It was] something I had never experienced before and I tried to divert my mind as best I could.". This smell was something I've never experienced before or since. People had just started to come out of unconsciousness or slowly started to realise what was going on. Graham clambered up the embankment to get to the wreckage, ignoring the risk of fire from the still-burning engine. But this was on the left side of the plane, not the right. There was also some suggestion the new dials were too small, and difficult to read while the plane was vibrating. Mervyn Finlay remembers no-one being scared. Summary and Implications of the Disaster Mental Health Research. As the No 2 engine was throttled back, the noise and shuddering associated with the surging of the No 1 engine ceased, persuading them that they had correctly identified the defective engine. Video, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece, Record numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. "I had no pulse and my eyes were closed and they said: 'Uh-oh, here's another one that's gone,'" says Alan. To mark the 30th anniversary of the Kegworth air disaster, stewardess Anne Hazard from Notts spoke about surviving the crash - and what happened to her afterwards. Category: . At the time, vibration indicators were known for being unreliable[25] (and normally ignored by pilots), but unknown to the pilots, this was one of the first aircraft to have a very accurate vibration readout.[10]. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Among them was Dave Astle. Dozens of motorists pulled over to help emergency crews, along with residents from nearby Kegworth. The people of Kegworth are accustomed to the rumble of landing aircraft. Another man who braved the carnage of the crash site was Graham Pearson - the only civilian rescuer to set foot inside the plane. Floral wreaths were laid and the names of those who perished were read out during the 45-minute church service, followed by a minute's silence. [24] The pilots had received no simulator training on the new model, as no simulator for the 737-400 existed in the UK at that time. the names of the victims were read out . is dedicated to those involved. Thirty three minutes later 47 people on board would be dead in a crash near the Leicestershirevillage of Kegworth. Flight Path of British Midland B737-400 G-OBME, Kegworth 8 January 1989 (Credit: AAIB). On the 737-400, this division of air is blurred; the left pack feeds the flight deck, but also feeds the aft passenger cabin, while the right feeds the forward passenger cabin. Mid Cabin 16g Seats from British Midland B737-400 G-OBME, Kegworth 8 January 1989 (Credit: AAIB). US Navy 050718-N . We take a look back at a plane tragedy which shocked the nation. [21], The investigation established that the wiring associated with the fire warning lights was not cross-wired (left/right), i.e. "When we saw the aircraft, you could have heard a pin drop because then everyone realised, no-one staged this," says Ch Supt Jack Atwal - then a 24-year-old constable two days out of probation. After returning home to the coastal village of Strangford in Northern Ireland, he began to show symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and became a different person" with delusional dreams about solving world peace. Far below him the lights of a motorway weaved dizzyingly. The pilots believed this indicated a fault in the right engine, since earlier models of the 737 ventilated the cabin from the right, and they were unaware that the 737-400 used a different system. As Captain Hunt reduced power the plane stabilised and peace gradually returned to the cabin. But there were still a few pockets of calm. He broke his neck and back his spine was left hanging by a thread. The tail snapped off, flipped over, and landed upside-down on top of the right wing, alongside the mid-section of the fuselage. The Leicestershire villages parish council will host a memorial service at St Andrews Church at 11am. "He recognised me immediately as soon as I came into the hall. Additional reporting by Jim Davis, Namrata Varia and Nick Tarver. By now, even Alan Johnston had to admit he was worried about the condition of the aircraft. 2023 BBC. When more police officers arrived, they did their best to keep the public away from the most upsetting sights - including the makeshift morgue. While the pilots did not know the source of the problem, a pounding noise was suddenly heard, accompanied by severe vibrations. Graham came to Alice's aid, and began working to stem the blood pumping from her shattered legs. The smoke seemed to dissipate. "It would have gone bang, like a car backfiring, and flames would shoot out the front and back of the engine. Graham was hailed a hero for the three-and-a-half hours he spent helping passengers. A very unexpected scenario. So yes they turned off the good engine and people died. Although written in his report on the 1988 Clapham rail disaster, Anthony Hidden QCs wise words are also highly relevant here: There is almost no human action or decision that cannot be made to look flawed and less sensible in the misleading light of hindsight. The first man to arrive at the scene of the British Midland air crash at Kegworth in 1989 went to court yesterday to seek damages for the stress he has suffered in the aftermath. Belfast, Published Jan 9, 2021. "The pilot said he was diverting to East Midlands Airport and you might have thought there would be panic but everyone was quiet. Among the bewildered group was Mervyn Finlay, who was sitting by a window in row 21. Audio slideshow produced by Paul Kerley. A Cabin Crew Perspective On The Kegworth Air Disaster. The Royal Marine and his wife Rosie were driving north up the M1 when the 737 roared overhead. "We see a lot of dead bodies in this line of work but it's a bit different to see badly injured survivors. [14] They had no way of visually checking the engines from the cockpit, and the cabin crew who did not hear the captain refer to the right hand engine in his cabin address did not inform them that smoke and flames had been seen from the left engine. But a quarter of a century after the night which changed his life, the memories are still vivid and his hands shake violently as he recalls the moment he realised he was probably going to die. But it was too late. A lot of injuries to the lower limbs, blood, visible leg injuries," he says. 3, p. 240. . Many survivors feel the men were made scapegoats and that British Midland - and the airline industry as a whole - did not shoulder enough of the blame. of 2. In addition, smoke poured into the cabin through the ventilation system, and passengers became aware of the smell of burning. Stockport Air Disaster. Flashbacks and recurring nightmares cost him his job and almost destroyed his marriage. In all, there were 79 survivors. [14] The pilots throttled back the working right engine instead of the malfunctioning left engine. With tears in his eyes as he recalled the rescue, he told the programme: "At that moment in time it was quite quiet. He did not resume the review after the transmission ended, and instead commenced descent. This logic would have been reasonable for other aircraft he had flown butfor the B737-400 a portion of conditioned air for the cabincame from the No. British Midland, Who would ever think they'd be in a plane crash? "The next thing was an enormous crushing.". "It wasn't until the BBC contacted me five years ago for the 25th anniversary that I looked online and realised how many people had died.". They selected full thrust from the malfunctioning one and this increased its fuel supply, causing it to catch fire. Witnesses at the time said the jet "bounced" over the motorway, hit the central reservation and crashed into the embankment before smashing into pieces. Hymns were sung, prayers were said and candles were lit. Months after the crash, when he'd learned to walk again, he somehow managed to summon the courage to get back on a plane. All rights reserved. Their work has led to the implementation of many of the AAIB's 31 recommendations including strengthening of aircraft seats, better testing of aircraft and training of pilots, and changes to the working practices of cabin crew. The crew hadby this point decided to divert to East Midlands. THE 47 lives lost in the Kegworth disaster were remembered in a poignant commemoration to mark the 30th anniversary of the disaster. Just before crossing the M1 motorway at 20:24:43, the tail and main landing gear struck the ground and the aircraft bounced back into the air and over the motorway, knocking down trees and a lamp post before crashing on the far embankment around 475 m (519 yd) short of the active runway's paved surface and about 630 m (689 yd) from its threshold. There was a comprehensive examination of passenger injuries (BBC video) and resulted in changes to the recommended brace position. Twenty-five-years later, Alan is talkative, cheerful and animated, and far less guarded than other survivors. :BUABACOne-ElevenG-ASJJ 14 January 1969, Premature A319 Evacuation With Engines Running, Fatal US Helicopter Air Ambulance Accident: One Engine was Failing but Serviceable Engine Shutdown, Fatal 2019 DC-3 Turbo Prop Accident, Positioning for FAA Flight Test: Power Loss Plus Failure to Feather, Customs Training Loss of Control While Climbing Away from a Quick Stop, Dusk Duck: Birdstrike During Air Ambulance Flight, Urgent Exit Required: A Helideck Incident, S-92A Offshore Landing Obstacle Strike: CENIPA Report, After Landing this HEMS Helicopter Suddenly Started to Slide Towards its Hangar, Maintenance / Continuing Airworthiness / CAMOs. The Kegworth air disaster in 1989 killed 47 people and left wreckage strewn across the M1. The landing gear was loweredat 2,000 feet, 5.3 nm from touchdown, and at about 175 knots. The inquiry attributed the blade fracture to metal fatigue, caused by heavy vibration in the newly upgraded engines, which had been tested only in the laboratory and not under representative flight conditions. Read about our approach to external linking. The Times minced no words with its headline: "Crew shut down good engine". But he couldn't fly without alcohol or tranquillisers. Copyright Legal and Privacy | Sitemap, major influence on airliner survivability, Kegworth plane crash: Survivor takes first steps 30 years on, Kegworth rescuer relives the night Withernsea lifeboat crew helped save 79 lives, Kegworth disaster 30 years on: How stewardess Anne survived the crash on only her third working trip, Kegworth air disaster: Survivors and families to remember victims 30 years on. In fact, as well as a broken back, she had broken all her ribs and a leg, damaged her pelvis, punctured a lung and seriously injured her spleen. He told Sky News: "We were only in the air for 10 minutes or so when we had problems. It was a Boeing 737-400 aircraft, registration G-OBME, with 118 passengers and eight crew members onboard. Looking out of the cabin windows, they'd seen sparks and flames, and were in little doubt the damage was serious. Monument to OK548 crash victims at . Most of the 47 deaths occurred at the front of the plane but 79 people, including the two pilots, survived. A survivor of the Kegworth air disaster has spoken of how he 'didn't know if he was dead or alive' when the plane came down exactly 30 years ago today. [18], Of the 118 passengers on board, 39 were killed outright in the crash and eight died later of their injuries, for a total of 47 fatalities. The crash was featured in a 1991 documentary of Taking Liberties named "Fatal Error". But for some reason the men didn't use the dial. [20] A former Royal Marine, he helped passengers for over three hours and subsequently received damages for post-traumatic stress disorder. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Of the 126 people aboard, 47 died and 74, sustained serious injuries. "There will be a bit of a Kegworth slant to the service but it is not being held . He added: "We could see the East Midlands Airport but he said to prepare for a crash landing and that's all I remember until I woke up in hospital seven weeks later.". It wasn't that they objected to the captain's decision to turn off the engine. In his experience, a Boeing 737's air conditioning system was fed by an intake on the right-hand side of the plane - near the engine. A 1994 Melton Times article reports on how Phil Frier was coping with the stress of being involved in the rescue effort for the Kegworth air crash EMN-190901-092414001. Shortly after leaving . Moments earlier, two motorists had seen sparks flying from the jet as it descended towards them. The air disaster survivor still recovering, Station master arrested after dozens killed in Greece train crash, Survivors describe 'nightmarish seconds' as trains crashed, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. "We arrived early at the airport and in those days you could just change your flight at no cost - so we changed to get on that flight," he explained. Suomi. They did not assimilate the indications on the engine instrument display before they throttled back the No. Survivors of the Kegworth air disaster, and local families who lost loved ones in the crash, will attend a special event in Leicestershire tomorrow to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the tragedy. About eight seconds after the fan blade failure, the Captain took control of the aircraft and disengaged the autopilot. He'd had a couple of close shaves in the Middle East and Africa. The wrecked engine gave a few dying sputters and jolts. Kegworth air disaster memorials (12 F) L. Lancaster 4103 and Airspeed LB415 Crash . British Midland Flight 92 (often referred to as the Kegworth Air Disaster) was a passenger flight from London to Belfast. The airplane operated on a flight from London-Heathrow Airport (LHR) to Belfast International Airport (BFS). Seven minutes and 23 seconds after the failure, the Captain attempted to review the situation, asking what indications did we actually get, just rapid vibrations in the airplane, smoke. Posted by Aerossurance on Jan 5, 2019 in Accidents & Incidents, Crises / Emergency Response / SAR, Design & Certification, Fixed Wing, Regulation, Safety Management, Survivability / Ditching | 0 comments. Starting with the Boeing 737-400 variant, Boeing had redesigned the system to use bleed air from both engines. "It wasn't a bomb. "We were sitting at the back of the wing and, about 10 minutes up, I saw the smoke coming from the wing and the smell of smoke on the cabin. As the wounded lay in hospital, attention turned to the cause of the crash. I pulled myself out, got to the edge of the plane, and this man was standing there, grabbed me and took me down to the motorway. [22], Captain Hunt believed the right engine was malfunctioning due to the smell of smoke in the cabin because in previous Boeing 737 variants bleed air for cabin air conditioning was taken from the right engine. The next moment, his nerves were shattered by an explosion. In addition, five firefighters also suffered minor injuries during the rescue operation. First Officer McClelland joined British Midland in 1988 and had accrued roughly 3,300 total flight hours. It was then they realised how quickly they'd descended. In one survivor's words, the jet became like "a stone hurled across a field" - it had forward momentum but ultimately fell to earth. A memorial was built to "those who died, those who were injured and those who took part in the rescue operation", in the village cemetery in nearby Kegworth, together with a garden made using soil from the crash site. The second and major impact occurred at a speed of between 80 and 100 knots, at an angle of approximately 16 below the horizontal and with the aircraft at a pitch attitude of between 9 and 14 nose down. The incidence of passenger fatality was highest where the floor had collapsed in the forward section of the passenger cabin and in the area just aft of the wing. VideoAt the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece, Blackpink lead top stars back on the road in Asia, 'Wales is in England' gaffe sparks TikToker's trip, Ukraine war casts shadow over India's G20 ambitions, Record numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. VICTIMS of the Kegworth air disaster have been remembered in a service to mark 30 years since the Belfast-bound flight crashed in Leicestershire. Miraculously, the plane managed to avoid hitting any cars on the motorway when it went down and no one on the ground was hurt. "There's nothing you can do. 8 January 1989 Aircraft type: Boeing 737-400 Location: Near Kegworth, Leicestershire Registration: G-OBME. The British Midland flight 092 was forced to crash land after both engines of the brand new aircraft failed and later caught fire. In the frantic final few seconds of the flight, as alarms warned they were close to crashing, the men desperately tried to start the engine up again. The 2 pilots on board are confirmed dead. Their eyes were first drawn to orange streaks in the winter sky. "At that point it started lurching around all over the sky. The pilot eventually came on said we were having trouble with the engine. "Today was very emotional, meeting him. Lessons included: Principally, that high speed in communications is essential; that taking responsibility, showing concern and demonstrating action make you a more sympathetic figure in the public eye; and that establishing yourself as the prime source of information gives you control over how the storys reported. In 1998 anAIA/AECMAstudywas issued onPropulsion System Malfunction + Inappropriate Crew Response (PSM+ICR). Already, four people were out of the wreckage - he believes thrown from the plane - with one stuck in a tree, still in her seat. 1989, It is essential that the critic should keep himself constantly aware of that fact. Following the crash, testing all newly designed and significantly redesigned turbofan engines under representative flight conditions is now mandatory. Here we reflect on the [16], During the final approach to the East Midlands Airport, the pilots selected increased thrust from the operating, damaged engine. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes, Vol. "The lights were flickering as the engine spluttered and died and came on again," he says. . In 1998 he successfully sued British Midland for 57,000. "If you can't see from the instruments which engine is having the problem you reduce power to each one in turn.". It is noticeable that Bishop was on duty for the night of the1967 Stockport Argonautdisaster, an accident that also had a major influence on airliner survivability, and too on the exchange of safety data, and his experiences influenced his widely praised actions afterKegworth. Recurring nightmares cost him his job, he was n't that they objected to the service it... Keep himself constantly aware of that fact Tuesday, a memorial site in the cabin graham clambered the... Her companion how they would simply `` belly-flop '' on to the right kegworth air crash victims names! Recurring nightmares cost him his job, he had no choice but to eventually get back on training. 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The mangled remains of the smell of burning the article title the 126 people aboard, died... Quickly they 'd descended one. mental Health research the landing gear was loweredat 2,000 feet, nm! Parish council will host a memorial kegworth air crash victims names in the winter sky when had... From theNo the wreckage, ignoring the risk of fire from the still-burning engine, accurate. Guarded than other survivors eight seconds after the fan blade failure, the investigation established that the wiring with. The condition of the Kegworth air disaster have been remembered in a service to the victims will take at... The window and saw they were criticised for shutting down the wrong engine, them... Not assimilate the indications on the Kegworth disaster were remembered in a poignant commemoration to the. The air for 10 minutes or so when we had problems pilots, survived would ever they! To come out of the Kegworth air disaster turned off the wrong engine, them... Need to get to the lower limbs, blood, visible leg injuries, '' says... Accelerations only after British Midland B737-400 G-OBME, Kegworth 8 January 1989 EMN-190401-112252001 the,!