As Willander (Citation2014, p. 21) explains, the aspects of the religious which are invested with cultural meaning do not need to be either historically or theologically correct to be socially relevant. It is therefore for understanding the use of religious coping by cancer patients, that a sociological perspective seems necessary. This is the way they act at home or with their inner circle, where they can reveal their baaten (inside or true) identity without risk of arrest. The participants confirmed large cultural differences in doctor-patient communication when encountering Iranian and Swedish patients. Beliefs are the tenets or convictions that people hold to be true. The interesting point is that some interviewees, who do not identify themselves as religious, have also told us they have used these practices. All research groups checked all interview drafts and verified all codes and categorizations. Persian, Kurd, Balochi, Arab, Turkmen, Azeri, and Turkic tribes are the major ethnic groups residing . Cultural and religious beliefs and values may have an impact on preferences for treatment at end-of-life. According to Bhardwaj (Citation1998), ziyarat expresses a certain regional Islamic culture, especially among non-Arab populations. Perhaps the biggest implication the system of governance has had on Iranian culture relates to the way Iranians conduct themselves in public and private. Here believing in the evil eye was in focus. We pay our respects to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander custodians past, present and emerging. For example, the younger Iranian generation generally do not feel the need to stringently apply the honour code and will often hide certain shameful actions they consider reasonable from the older generations, who might be deeply offended by such behaviours. The cultural interpretation of the religion has been traditionally open-minded, making allowances for liberal behaviour and improvements in womens rights. The Islamic Republic of Iran is a Middle Eastern nation located at the crossroads between Arab Asia and Central Asia. The two additional themes spiritual coping and existential coping will be presented in another article. Despite restrictions on their public involvement, many women in Iran are highly educated. One 60-year-old woman explained this: I am very close to God and talk to Him a lot. In order to provide sensitive and culturally appropriate care, nurses should be aware of the general impact of cultural norms and values on the process of maternal role attainment and strive to meet the cultural needs of all mothers. Dating practices vary significantly between regions, and are impacted by attitudes and education. (35-year-old female). When an elder family members husband or wife dies, they will usually move into the house of one of their children. keeping to the rules to avoid attracting the attention of government operatives). By definition, integrity means to maintain strong moral principles like honesty, fairness, and honor. Self-directing religious coping: A deistic god, abandoning god, or no god at all? For payment of donors, the government sets the price for kidneys at $4,600 per organ. Furthermore, men are considered legally and financially responsible for supporting the women of their family. He gave me my life and He can take it back. Stigma surrounding psychological disorders in Iran often leads to isolation, as fear of judgment and ridicule creates barriers to pursuing treatment. Background Spirituality plays an important role during old age, but reveals itself as a confounding mental health concept, which needs to be defined when providing spiritual care. In accomplishing this, we started from the project aim, using previous results from the project as a whole. Ultimately, a womans independence and freedom to make choices for herself (i.e. Translation included an inevitable process of removing certain nuances from the actual texts. Iran is an Islamic republic, both officially and in practice. Many people use humour to criticise their leaders through doublespeak, and share their theories of scandal and corruption with strangers. Nevertheless, the results of several studies (Ahmadi, Citation2006, Citation2015; Ahmadi, Park, Kim, & Ahmadi Citation2017; Ahmadi & Ahmadi, Citation2018) reveal the occurrence of other coping strategies that can hardly be regarded as religious or spiritual, for instance, strategies connected to nature. In recent decades, access to political power has become one of the biggest social advantages and indications of privilege. This is based on the traditional idea that people should protect their personal and family honour by giving a public impression of dignity and integrity. Chief Editor: Robert T. Muller, The Trauma and Mental Health Report. I definitively believe that pilgrims or using holy water or sanctified objects have a positive effect on curing the disease. The individual may endorse self-directed methods because he/she is not very religious and does not involve God in the coping process. Meat (usually lamb, goat, or chicken) is used as a condiment rather than as the centerpiece of a meal. Get the help you need from a therapist near youa FREE service from Psychology Today. Cultural factors that can influence family planning discussions and decisions include gender role inequality, deference to family or physician authority, religious influences, belief that. Someone who is a theologian is presumed to have the moral high ground and power in decision-making, gaining them a lot of respect. Nonetheless, there are some mainstays of Iranian society, such as the importance of family, the proud adherence to local culture and traditions, and the tendencies toward post-modern ways of life and ways of thinking that influence the choice of coping strategies. After the coding process was complete, we established the fundamental characteristics of the methods the informants employed to cope with their cancer disease. The researcher visited or phoned potential patients, survivors, and those who were kept in hospice to invite them to voluntarily participate in the project, and to make an appointment for an interview at the Behnam Daheshpour Charity Organization. A sample of 27 (18 females and nine males) cancer patients/survivors (aged 16 and older) were selected using a purposive sampling method. When healthcare professionals encounter a more acculturated Hmong family in the U.S., they will likely see more balance of power between mother and father. Results of data analysis show the importance of using protective expressions when complimenting in Persian and Arabic. They're informed by the cultures we most associate ourselves with. Why Are So Many Young Men Single And Sexless? People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. The modernization processes that took place in the 20th century, until the Islamic revolution, changed the situation with the modern and educated classes. Parents make sacrifices for children, especially for their education. Elderly parents are dependent on adult children and grandchildren. If something is going to happen, God knows and writes. Seeking Support from Clergy or Congregation Members refers to a search for comfort and reassurance through the love and care of these individuals. The results were part of a larger study in which the purpose was to understand nurses' experiences of delivery of care for Iraqi patients. Most Iranians seem to be unified across ethnic divides. This loyalty also means that family honour and shame is shared between all family members. Iran, officially recognized as the Islamic Republic of Iran, has a population of more than 84 million.It is an arid and mountainous country between Iraq and Afganistan with shores on the Persian and Caspian Sea. They are beliefs, ideas, and principles that are specific to your home and how it functions. Nevertheless, many parents suggest partners to their children, who then may or may not agree with their recommendation. Health (2 days ago) WebThe Mexicans truly believe that unity is strength. This happened in the midst of human civilization through invasions. One of the methods in this category is Benevolent Religious Reappraisal: using religion to redefine the stressor as benevolent and potentially beneficial. "Cultural family values" emerged as a facilitator for child marriage. Rice and fresh unleavened or semi leavened whole-grain bread are staple starches. Vegetables are central to the Iranian diet, with onions an ingredient of virtually every dish. First, following the process recommended by the World Health Organization (Citation2017), the original interview questions were translated into Persian by a psychology researcher whose mother tongue is Persian. Among Muslims, the idea of testing (Ekhtebar) is rather robust. These are primarily their family members and close friends. Demonic Reappraisal - which refers to redefining the stressor as an act of the Devil/an evil power is another coping method we found in the present study. We don't wish to prevent doctors from practising in line with their beliefs and values, as long as they also follow the guidance in Good medical practice. The term "family values" has become a popular phrase in recent years. It has had a Muslim majority population for centuries and so the culture is deeply characterised by its strong Islamic influence. In addition to family values and habits, some external factors can have a significant impact on people's cultural preferences. Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: Religion, culture and illness: a sociological study on religious coping in Iran, Department of Social Work and Psychology, University of Gvle, Gvle, Sweden, Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, Department of Counseling Psychology, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran, Department of Nursing, Khoy Medical Sciences Faculty, Urmia Medical Sciences University, Khoy, Iran, Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran, Swedish Agency for Work Environment Knowledge, Gvle, Sweden, Initial development of the Iranian Religious Coping Scale, Non-Hajj pilgrimage in Islam: A neglected dimension of religious circulation, A contrastive study of Arabic and Persian formulas against the evil eye used by women, Does being religious help or hinder coping with chronic illness? Illness is our fault; it is due to our bad habits and way of life. Familial relationships and reputation are important aspects of Iranian culture. It also helps for the child to see how he specifically contributes to the family. They commonly obtain a university degree and have entered the professions of law, engineering, politics, medicine and business. Centuries of gender discrimination and segregation of sexes has created distinct roles and codes of behavior for both the sexes and many are still practiced today. The vast majority (89%) of the population in Iran is Shia Muslim, 10% is Sunni Muslim, and the remaining 1% are Christian, Zorastrian, Bahai and Jewish. The study reveals that, as Shia Muslims, the informants while relying on the power of the God believe in their own efforts to receive Gods mercy, often by making a pilgrimage, ziyarat. Education is greatly valued in Iranian culture and so people often seek to have at least a basic understanding of a broad range of topics. perceived benefits. I should make myself a better person. It is worth noting that the expectations regarding what is honourable and shameful can vary significantly between different people, family backgrounds and social attitudes. Herding has long been a traditional part of the economy, and dairy productsmilk, cheese, and particularly yogurtare common ingredients in Persian dishes. It is also considered quite prestigious to be able to trace ones heritage back for centuries. God tells us if you act, I will support you. Completely surrounded by God, I put myself and my destiny in His hands. If faced with criticism, Iranians are likely to deny any fault in order to avoid dishonour. At first glance, public behaviour in Iran is generally conservative. In Iranian culture, boys are generally more indulged than girls, and more opportunities are generally available to them in the public sphere. Those families that have connections with the government are sometimes afforded latitude to deviate from strict rules, or they may receive more lenient consequences for their actions. As an example, the idea of Schildkrout can be taken who notes that the tradition to decorate the body in various ways has a global trend, and this practice has been adopted for many centuries (79 . Across its history, Iran has continuously pursued modernisation whilst looking to maintain its spiritual integrity. One 41-year-old man explained this: We have a responsibility to act. Improving patient and family care outcomes has been said to require "nuanced understanding of cultural con-texts for those who provide care and those who receive it" (Schim & Doorenbos, 2010, p. 1). 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